victim’s rights

Article 244c of the Criminal Code introduces significant changes in enforcing compensation obligations. Its application may result in shifting civil disputes into the realm of criminal law, raising serious concerns. The provision does not clarify whether a person can be punished multiple times for failing to fulfil a single obligation, creating a risk of abuse. […]

The President of Poland has signed the Act on combating fraud in electronic communications. The so called Antispoofing Act is supposed to implement Directive (EU) 2018/1972 of The European Parliament and of The Council of 11 December 2018 establishing the European Electronic Communications Code. It imposed many new obligations, mainly on telecommunications enterprises and public […]

In August this year, the Polish Ministry of Justice published a draft law very significantly amending the Act on Liability of Collective Entities for Criminal Offences. If this bill enters into force, it will completely change the rules for incurring this type of liability. This blog post is devoted to the idea of adding civil […]